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- <text id=94TT0680>
- <title>
- May 23, 1994: Books:Was the Picnic Ruined?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1994
- May 23, 1994 Cosmic Crash
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ARTS & MEDIA/BOOKS, Page 73
- Was the Picnic Ruined?
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> A leading black scholar recalls the bittersweet effects of the
- civil rights movement on his tiny, segregated hometown
- </p>
- <p>By Jack E. White
- </p>
- <p> Albert Murray, the black social critic, once wisecracked, "Sure
- we got our troubles, but if white folks could be black for just
- one Saturday night, they wouldn't never want to be white folks
- no more." Henry Louis Gates Jr. does not go nearly that far
- in Colored People (Knopf; 216 pages; $22), his memoir of growing
- up in a West Virginia mill town during the 1950s and '60s. But
- his beguiling elegy for the exuberant society blacks created
- for themselves under the veil of segregation provides one explanation
- of why few African Americans, even if they had the power to
- change, would choose to be anything else.
- </p>
- <p> As the chairman of Harvard's black-studies department and the
- author of several volumes of dense literary theory as well as
- countless op-ed pieces on racial issues, Gates, 44, has become
- one of the nation's most influential intellectuals. In Colored
- People he turns from scholarship to autobiography and writes
- intimately about his childhood, his teenage religious fanaticism,
- a frustrated youthful romance with a white girl. Still, history
- is never distant from Gates' mind. His coming of age coincided
- with one of America's most tumultuous eras, as the civil rights
- movement propelled blacks from "the colored world of the fifties
- ((to)) a Negro world of the early sixties ((to)) the advent
- of the black world of the later sixties."
- </p>
- <p> These upheavals were slow to arrive for the 350 colored people
- in Gates' hometown of Piedmont, nestled in a sleepy hollow between
- the Allegheny Mountains and the Potomac River Valley. At first
- folks simply watched the speeches and marches on television.
- When the effects of the civil rights movement finally did come
- to the town in the 1960s, the impact was ambiguous. Blacks welcomed
- expanded job opportunities and an end to humiliating reminders
- of where--quite literally--they stood: they were now allowed
- to sit down in white restaurants. But integration also meant
- that the nurturing institutions blacks had created to take the
- sting out of segregation would become moribund.
- </p>
- <p> Among these segregated but proud institutions was the elementary
- school where generations received the sort of rigorous education
- that inner-city blacks today can hardly imagine. Another was
- the separate-but-more-than-equal "colored picnic," where blacks
- who worked at the paper mill gathered to dance, play bid whist
- and gorge themselves on soul food. Small wonder, as Gates writes,
- that for many of his parents' generation, "integration was experienced
- as a loss...Who in his right mind would want to go to the
- mill picnic with the white folks when it meant shutting the
- colored one down?" The black men and women of Piedmont never
- thought of themselves as second-class people despite their second-class
- status. This society teemed with role models of hard work, family
- stability and excellence.
- </p>
- <p> If properly admiring, however, Gates is not sanctimonious. He
- takes pleasure in describing his community's eccentrics, like
- Mr. Charlie, who confided that "George Washington was Abraham
- Lincoln's daddy," among other facts that whites had supposedly
- withheld from blacks; and churchy Miss Sarah, who consulted
- with Jesus every day, getting "full reports on all the seraphim
- and cherubim." Gates irreverently addresses such matters as
- blacks' fascination with their multitude of skin tones and their
- daily struggles to subdue their bushy hair. Even today, he writes,
- "so many black people still get their hair straightened that
- it's a wonder we don't have a national holiday for Madame C.J.
- Walker, who invented the process for straightening kinky hair,
- rather than Dr. King."
- </p>
- <p> The strongest character in the book is Gates' mother Pauline,
- who looked down on whites as uncouth, dirty people who tasted
- their food "right out of the pot." Pauline's long struggle to
- become the owner of a home reflected the complicated, bittersweet
- consequences of change. Just as her children were on the brink
- of buying the house of a white family for whom Pauline had worked
- as a domestic, she began inventing reasons to back away from
- the purchase. Badgered by her son, she tearfully dredged up
- bitter memories of how the white family had mistreated her,
- compelling her to work on holidays instead of spending them
- with her family, and leaving money lying around to see if she
- would steal it. Pauline's children argued that she could exorcise
- those ghosts by making the house her own, and she relented.
- But as Gates acknowledges, "I'll never know if we did the right
- thing by buying her that house or if our insistence on vindicating
- her was somehow misguided."
- </p>
- <p> What sets Gates' memoir apart from the harrowing, up-from-the-ghetto
- autobiographies that have appeared recently is its reminder
- that the black mainstream is not a tangle of pathology. Rather,
- he demonstrates, it is the source of a strong and resilient
- culture that has given the world such gifts as "a Jessye Norman
- aria, a Muhammad Ali shuffle, a Michael Jordan slam dunk, a
- Spike Lee movie, a Thurgood Marshall opinion, a Toni Morrison
- novel, James Brown's Camel Walk." Add to the list Gates' graceful,
- sparely written memoir, which establishes that he has not only
- brains but also a whole lot of soul.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-